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presenting themselves as

  • 1 divinatio

    dīvīnātĭo, ōnis, f. [divino].
    I.
    The faculty of foreseeing, predicting, divination, mantikê (cf.:

    augurium, auspicium, vaticinium, praesagium, praedictio),

    Cic. Div. 1, 1; 2, 5, 13; 2, 63, 130; id. N. D. 1, 22, 55; id. Leg. 2, 13, 32; id. Rosc. Am. 34, 96; Nep. Att. 9, 1; 16 fin.:

    animi,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 13:

    mendax,

    Vulg. Ezech. 13, 7.—
    II.
    Jurid. t. t., an examination, as to which of several accusers presenting themselves was the most proper to conduct the accusation. So the title of Cicero's oration against Caecilius: Divinatio in Caecilium; cf. Ascon. Argum.; Quint. 3, 10, 3; 7, 4, 33; Gell. 2, 4; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 2, 1; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 3; Suet. Caes. 55.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > divinatio

  • 2 παρέχω

    παρέχω, [tense] fut.
    A

    παρέξω Od.18.317

    , Th.8.48,

    παρασχήτω Id.6.86

    , Isoc. 6.71, 15.248 : [tense] pf. παρέσχηκα : [tense] aor. παρέσχον, [dialect] Ep. inf.

    παρασχέμεν Il. 19.147

     ; imper.

    παράσχες E.Hec. 842

     ( παράσχε is f.l.) ; poet.

    παρέσχεθον Hes. Th. 639

    , inf.

    παρασχεθεῖν Ar.Eq. 321

     ; [dialect] Aeol.

    παρέσκεθον Alc. Oxy.1788

     Fr.15 ii 11 ; παρεχέσκετο is f.l. for παρεκέσκετο in Od.14.521. [In Od.19.113, πᾱρέχη.]
    A [voice] Act., hand over, Il.18.556 ; furnish, supply,

    φάος πάντεσσι παρέξω Od.18.317

     ;

    δῶρα Il.19.147

     ; esp. in Od., ἱερήϊα, βρῶσίν τε πόσιν τε, σῖτον, 14.250, 15.490, 18.360 : abs., ἐγὼ δ' εὖ πᾶσι παρέξω I will provide for all, 8.39 ;

    π. νέας Hdt.4.83

    , 7.21 ;

    τεταρτημόριον τοῦ μισθώματος Id.2.180

     ;

    χρήματα Th.8.48

     ; ἀργύριον, ποίμνια, IG12.39.69,45.4 ;

    αἱ δὲ Συράκουσαι σῦς.. παρέχουσιν Hermipp.63.9

     ; πληρώμαθ' ἡ πόλις παρέχει the state finds men to man the ships, D.21.155, cf. Lys. 19.43.
    2 of natural objects, yield, produce,

    θάλασσα π. ἰχθῦς Od.19.113

     ; [ σίδηρον] παρέξει (sc. σόλος) Il.23.835.
    3 of incorporeal things, afford, cause, φιλότητα, ἀρετήν, γέλω τε καὶ εὐφροσύνην, 3.354, Od.18.133, 20.8 ;

    ὀνίαις Alc.88

     ;

    π. εἰράναν τισί Pi.P.9.23

     ;

    ὕμνον Id.N.6.33

     ;

    αἶσαν Id.O.6.102

     ;

    Σάρδεσιπένθος A.Pers. 322

     ; τύχην, φρίκην, S.OT53, 1306 (anap.); χάριν, εὔνοιαν, Id.OC 1498(lvr.), Tr. 708 ; ὄχλον, πρήγματα π., Hdt. 1.86, al. (v. πρᾶγμα)

    ; πόνον Alc.19

    , Hdt.1.177 ;

    ἔργον Ar.Nu. 523

     ;

    π. εὔνοιαν εἴς τινα Antipho 5.76

     ; αἴσθησιν παρέχει τινός enables one to observe a thing, Th.2.50 ; but αἴσθησιν π., abs., it causes remark, is perceived, Id.3.22, X.An.4.6.13 ; πενία ἀνάγκῃ τὴν τόλμαν π. Th.3.45 ; ὑφειμένου δόξαν π., = ὑφειμένῳ ἐοικέναι, Plu.2.131a.
    II present or offer for a purpose,
    1 c. inf., [ ὄϊες]

    παρέχουσι.. γάλα θῆσθαι Od.4.89

     ;

    π. τὸ σῶμα τύπτειν Ar.Nu. 441

     ;

    τὸ στράτευμα π. τισὶ διαφθεῖραι Th.8.50

     (withoutinf.,

    πτήξας δέμας παρεῖχε A.Pers. 210

    ): with reflex. Pron., ἐμαυτόν σοι ἐμμελετᾶν π. I give myself up to you to practise upon, Pl.Phdr. 228e ;

    π. ἐμαυτὸν ἐρωτᾶν Id.Ap. 33b

    , cf. Prt. 312c ;

    π. ἑαυτοὺς τοῖς ἄρχουσι χρῆσθαι ἤν τι δέωνται X.Cyr.1.2.9

     : rarely with a part.,

    π. ἑαυτὸν δεδησόμενον Luc. Tox. 35

    .
    2 give oneself up, submit oneself, ἑαυτόν being omitted,

    π. [ἑωυτοὺς] διαφθαρῆναι Hdt.9.17

     ; πατεῖν παρεῖχετῷ θέλοντι [ ἑαυτόν] S. Aj. 1146, cf. Ar.Nu. 422 ;

    τοῖς ἰατροῖς παρέχουσι.. ἀποτέμνειν καὶ ἀποκάειν X.Mem.1.2.54

    , cf. Pl.Grg. 456b ; τῷ λόγῳ ὥσπερ ἰατρῷ παρέχων ἀποκρίνου ib. 475d, cf. Tht. 191a;

    ἕτοιμός εἰμί σοι παρέχειν ἀποκρινόμενος Id.Prt. 348a

     ; esp. of a woman, sens. obsc., Ar.Lys. 162, 227, Luc. DMeretr.5.4, etc. (in full,

    π. ἑαυτήν Id.DMar.13.1

    , Artem.1.78).
    3 with reflex. Pron. and a predicative, show, exhibit oneself so and so,

    π. ἐμαυτὸν ὅσιον καὶ δίκαιον Antipho 2.2.2

     ; σπάνιον σεαυτὸν π. Pl. Euthphr.3d ; σαυτὸν σοφιστὴν π. Id.Prt. 312a ;

    ἑαυτὸν π. εὐπειθῆ X.Cyr. 2.1.22

     ; μέτριον ἐμαυτὸν π. Aeschin.1.1 ;

    τοιοῦτον πολίτην Lys.14.1

     ;

    π.ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἐμαυτόν X.Cyr.7.5.46

     ;

    δέμασἀ κέντητον παρέχων Pi.O.1.21

    .
    III allow, grant,

    σιγὴν παρασχὼν κλῦθί μου S.Tr. 1115

     : c. inf., ἐπεὶ παρέσχες ἀντιφωνῆσαι did'st allow me to.., ib. 1114 ;

    π. αὐτοὺς δικαστὰς.. γίγνεσθαι Th.1.37

     : abs. in imperat., πάρεχε make way, E. Tr. 308, Cyc. 203, Ar.V. 1326, Av. 1720 (all lyr.) ;

    πάρεχ' ἐκποδών Id.V. 949

    .
    2 impers., παρέχει τινί c. inf., it is allowed, in one's power to do so and so,

    παρεῖχε ἄν σφι εὐδαιμονέειν Hdt.1.170

    , cf. 3.73, al., Pi.I. 8(7).76 ;

    ὑμῖν οὐ παρασχήσει ἀμύνασθαι Th.6.86

     ;

    σωφρονεῖν παρεῖχέ σοι E.El. 1080

     : neut. part. used abs., παρέχον it being in one's power, since one can, like ἐξόν, παρόν, παρέχον [ὑμῖν] ἄρχειν Hdt.5.49 ; also εὖ, καλῶς παρασχόν, Th.1.120, 5.14 ; κάλλιον π. ib.60.
    IV produce a person on demand,

    ἐς τὸ κοινόν X.HG7.4.38

     ; εἰς τὴν βουλήν, εἰς ἀγοράν (leg. αὔριον) , εἰς κρίσιν, Lys.13.23, 23.9, Aeschin.2.117, cf. PHib. 1.168 (iii B.C.), etc.
    V with a predic. added, make so and so, τὴν διέξοδόν οἱ ἀσφαλέα π. Hdt.3.4 ;

    π. τινὰς βελτίους And.1.136

    , cf. Pl.Phdr. 274e, 277a : with part.,

    π. ξυμμάχους τὰς σπονδὰς δεχομένους Th.5.35

    , cf. X.Oec. 21.4 ; κοινὴν τὴν πόλιν π. offer it as a common resort, Isoc.4.52 ; γῆν ἄσυλον καὶ δόμους ἐχεγγύους π. E.Med. 388, etc.
    B [voice] Med. παρέχομαι, [tense] fut.

    - έξομαι Antipho 5.20

    , Lys.23.8, etc.; also

    παρασχήσομαι Antipho 5.24

    , Lys.9.8 : [tense] aor. 2

    παρεσχόμην Is.3.18

    , 19 : [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (in med. sense)

    παρέσχημαι X.An.7.6.11

    , D.27.49, 36.35 : freq. used much like [voice] Act., without any reflex. sense:
    1 supply of oneself or from one's own means,

    νέας Hdt.6.8

    ,15,al. ;

    δαπάνην οἰκηΐην Id.8.17

     ; π. ὅπλα furnish a suit of armour, IG12.22.11, Th. 8.97 ; οἱ τὰ τιμήματα παρεχόμενοι the tax- paying citizens, Arist.Ath. 39.6 ; μηδεμίαν δύναμιν π. εἰς τὴν στρατιάν supply no contingent of one's own to.., X.An.6.2.10 ; freq. with

    ἑαυτόν, εὔνουν καὶ πρόθυμον ἑαυτὸν παρέχεται SIG333.11

     (Samos, iv/iii B.C.), cf. 620.6 (Tenos, ii B.C.), etc.
    2 of natural objects, furnish, present, exhibit, [ ποταμὸς] κροκοδείλους π. Hdt.4.44 ; π. λίμνην ὁ Πόντος.. οὐ πολλῷ τεῳ ἐλάσσω ἑωυτοῦ ib.86, cf. 46, Pl.Phd. 81d.
    4 of incorporeal things, display on one's own part,

    πᾶσαν προθυμίην Id.7.6

    , cf. X.An.7.6.11 ;

    πᾶν τὸ πρόθυμον Th.4.85

    , cf. 61 ;

    εὔνοιαν D.18.10

     ; χρείας Decr. ap. D.18.84.
    II in Law, παρέχεσθαί τινας μάρτυρας, π. τεκμήρια, bring forward witnesses or proofs, Pl.Ap. 19d, Prm. 128b, Antipho 1.11, cf. 5.20,22, Lys.23.8, etc. ; π. ἐκμαρτυρίαν, μαρτυρίαν, Is. ll.cc.
    V render so and so for or towards oneself,

    θεὸν παρασχέσθαι εὐμενῆ E.Andr.55

     ;

    δυσμενεστέρους π. τοὺς ἀνθρώπους Pl.Prt. 317b

    , cf. R. 432a, Lg. 809d ; v. supr. A. V.
    VI Arith., make up, amount to, ἐνιαυτοὶ.. παρέχονται ἡμέρας .. Hdt.1.32, cf. X.Cyr. 6.1.28.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παρέχω

  • 3 dolor

    m.
    1 pain.
    siento un dolor en el costado I have a pain in my side
    (tener) dolor de cabeza (to have a) headache
    ¡este niño no nos da más que dolores de cabeza! that child does nothing but make trouble for us!
    dolor de espalda back pain
    dolor de estómago stomachache
    dolores menstruales period pains
    dolor de muelas toothache
    dolores del parto labor pains
    2 grief, sorrow (moral).
    su fallecimiento nos llena de dolor his death fills us with sorrow
    * * *
    1 pain, ache
    2 figurado pain, sorrow, grief
    \
    causar dolor figurado to sadden, hurt, upset
    estar con los dolores (de parto) to be in labour (US labor)
    dolor de cabeza headache
    dolor de muelas toothache
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) ache, pain
    2) grief, sorrow
    * * *
    SM
    1) [físico] pain

    estar con dolores — [antes del parto] to feel one's labour pains beginning

    dolores de parto — labour pains, labor pains (EEUU)

    2) (=pesar) grief, sorrow
    * * *
    a) ( físico) pain

    dolores reumáticos/de parto — rheumatic/labor* pains

    tener dolor de muelas/cabeza/garganta — to have a toothache/a headache/a sore throat

    fuertes dolores de estómago — sharp o severe stomach pains

    b) (pena, tristeza) pain, grief

    el dolor de perder a un ser querido — the pain o grief of losing a loved one

    con todo el dolor de mi corazón tuve que decirle que no — it broke my heart, but I had to turn him down

    * * *
    = pain, agony, ache, grief, woefulness, soreness, heartache.
    Ex. For instance, if discharge is 'watery' or 'purulent,' vision is 'blurred,' pain is 'moderate,' then corneal trauma or infection is diagnosed.
    Ex. Much time and much of the agony associated with the reference interview would be avoided if librarians were subject specialists and did not have to educate themselves about a question before starting to answer it.
    Ex. Last year I did not prefer cushioned running shoes, but now I'm a year older with new aches and pains, so I want a shoe with added support.
    Ex. This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.
    Ex. In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.
    Ex. While there are no significant injury worries to speak of, there is no doubt both sides have a number of players with general soreness and niggling.
    Ex. Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.
    ----
    * alivio del dolor = pain relief.
    * de dolor = in pain.
    * dolor abdominal = abdominal pain.
    * dolor agudo = twinge.
    * dolor crónico = chronic pain.
    * dolor de barriga = tummy ache.
    * dolor de cabeza = headache.
    * dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.
    * dolor de corazón = heartache.
    * dolor de cuello = neck pain.
    * dolor de espalda = backache [back-ache], back pain.
    * dolor de estómago = stomach ache, upset stomach.
    * dolor de garganta = sore throat.
    * dolor de muelas = toothache.
    * dolor de oído = earache.
    * dolor de ojos = eyestrain [eye strain].
    * dolor en la mano al escribir = writer's cramp.
    * dolores de parto = birth pangs.
    * dolor físico = physical pain.
    * dolor fulgurante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.
    * dolor lancinante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.
    * dolor menstrual = period pain.
    * dolor muscular = muscle pain, muscle ache.
    * dolor penetrante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.
    * dolor pulsante = throbbing pain.
    * dolor pulsátil = throbbing pain.
    * dolor punzante = throbbing pain, shooting stab of pain, shooting pain, twinge.
    * gesto de dolor = wince of pain, wince.
    * hacer una mueca de dolor = wince.
    * hacer un gesto de dolor = wince.
    * molestias y dolores = aches and pains.
    * mueca de dolor = wince of pain, wince.
    * punzada de dolor = twinge.
    * que no causa dolor = painless.
    * sin dolor = painless.
    * * *
    a) ( físico) pain

    dolores reumáticos/de parto — rheumatic/labor* pains

    tener dolor de muelas/cabeza/garganta — to have a toothache/a headache/a sore throat

    fuertes dolores de estómago — sharp o severe stomach pains

    b) (pena, tristeza) pain, grief

    el dolor de perder a un ser querido — the pain o grief of losing a loved one

    con todo el dolor de mi corazón tuve que decirle que no — it broke my heart, but I had to turn him down

    * * *
    = pain, agony, ache, grief, woefulness, soreness, heartache.

    Ex: For instance, if discharge is 'watery' or 'purulent,' vision is 'blurred,' pain is 'moderate,' then corneal trauma or infection is diagnosed.

    Ex: Much time and much of the agony associated with the reference interview would be avoided if librarians were subject specialists and did not have to educate themselves about a question before starting to answer it.
    Ex: Last year I did not prefer cushioned running shoes, but now I'm a year older with new aches and pains, so I want a shoe with added support.
    Ex: This paper discusses the ways in which books may be used to help bereaved children to understand death and other aspects of grief.
    Ex: In presenting this story, Amenabar has managed to avoid both saccharine sentimentality and easy woefulness.
    Ex: While there are no significant injury worries to speak of, there is no doubt both sides have a number of players with general soreness and niggling.
    Ex: Lovelorn staff at a Japanese company can take paid time off after an upsetting break-up with a partner, with more ' heartache leave' offered as they get older.
    * alivio del dolor = pain relief.
    * de dolor = in pain.
    * dolor abdominal = abdominal pain.
    * dolor agudo = twinge.
    * dolor crónico = chronic pain.
    * dolor de barriga = tummy ache.
    * dolor de cabeza = headache.
    * dolor de cabeza espantoso = splitting headache.
    * dolor de corazón = heartache.
    * dolor de cuello = neck pain.
    * dolor de espalda = backache [back-ache], back pain.
    * dolor de estómago = stomach ache, upset stomach.
    * dolor de garganta = sore throat.
    * dolor de muelas = toothache.
    * dolor de oído = earache.
    * dolor de ojos = eyestrain [eye strain].
    * dolor en la mano al escribir = writer's cramp.
    * dolores de parto = birth pangs.
    * dolor físico = physical pain.
    * dolor fulgurante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.
    * dolor lancinante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.
    * dolor menstrual = period pain.
    * dolor muscular = muscle pain, muscle ache.
    * dolor penetrante = shooting stab of pain, shooting pain.
    * dolor pulsante = throbbing pain.
    * dolor pulsátil = throbbing pain.
    * dolor punzante = throbbing pain, shooting stab of pain, shooting pain, twinge.
    * gesto de dolor = wince of pain, wince.
    * hacer una mueca de dolor = wince.
    * hacer un gesto de dolor = wince.
    * molestias y dolores = aches and pains.
    * mueca de dolor = wince of pain, wince.
    * punzada de dolor = twinge.
    * que no causa dolor = painless.
    * sin dolor = painless.

    * * *
    ¿siente mucho dolor? are you in much pain?, does it hurt much?
    ¿es una punzada o un dolor sordo? is it a sharp pain or a dull ache?
    dolores reumáticos/musculares rheumatic/muscular pains
    dolores de crecimiento/parto growing/labor* pains
    pastillas para el dolor de muelas/oídos pills for (a) toothache/(an) earache
    un dolor de cabeza a headache
    un dolor de garganta espantoso a terrible sore throat
    es un dolor reflejo it's a referred pain
    fuertes dolores de estómago sharp o severe stomach pains
    no me ha dado más que dolores de cabeza he has given me nothing but headaches, he has been a constant worry to me
    te ahorrarás muchos dolores de cabeza you will save yourself a lot of problems o headaches
    2
    (pena, tristeza): creí que iba a morirme de dolor I thought I was going to die of grief o sorrow
    con todo el dolor de mi corazón tuve que decirle que no it broke my heart, but I had to turn him down
    con todo el dolor de su corazón tuvo que negarle el regalo it was very painful for him o it was heart-rending for him to have to deny him the gift
    no sabes el dolor que me causa su indiferencia you have no idea how much his indifferent attitude hurts o upsets me
    el dolor de perder a un ser querido the pain o grief of losing a loved one
    * * *

     

    dolor sustantivo masculino
    a) ( físico) pain;


    tener dolor de muelas/cabeza/garganta to have a toothache/a headache/a sore throat
    b) (pena, tristeza) pain, grief

    dolor sustantivo masculino
    1 Med pain
    dolor de espalda, backache
    2 (aflicción) grief, sorrow
    ' dolor' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    agudeza
    - aliviar
    - aliviarse
    - amanecer
    - ay
    - calmar
    - chillido
    - cicatrizar
    - contorsionarse
    - dar
    - dolerse
    - fiel
    - fricción
    - fuerte
    - gemir
    - gesto
    - indiferente
    - infernal
    - jaqueca
    - latigazo
    - matar
    - molestar
    - molestia
    - mueca
    - ostensible
    - penetrante
    - pesar
    - pinchazo
    - punzada
    - punzante
    - queja
    - quejarse
    - quitar
    - quitarse
    - rabiar
    - rechistar
    - refleja
    - reflejo
    - resentirse
    - retorcerse
    - rictus
    - soportar
    - sorda
    - sordo
    - tal
    - tener
    - traer
    - transida
    - transido
    - aguantador
    English:
    ache
    - aching
    - acute
    - agonizing
    - agony
    - alleviate
    - any
    - backache
    - bad
    - bear
    - bellyache
    - comfort
    - cover up
    - deaden
    - distort
    - distress
    - double up
    - dull
    - earache
    - ease
    - excruciating
    - experience
    - grief
    - grimace
    - groan
    - headache
    - help
    - inflict
    - lessen
    - nagging
    - numb
    - ouch
    - overcome
    - overwhelming
    - pain
    - painfully
    - painkiller
    - painless
    - painlessly
    - pang
    - pass
    - pass off
    - period pain
    - persist
    - rack
    - raging
    - reduce
    - relieve
    - severe
    - severity
    * * *
    dolor nm
    1. [físico] pain;
    un dolor sordo a dull pain;
    ¿dónde tienes el dolor? where does it hurt?;
    me dio un dolor tremendo en los riñones I felt a terrible pain in my lower back;
    siento un dolor en el costado I have a pain in my side;
    hizo un gesto de dolor she winced with pain;
    tengo dolor de huesos/dolores musculares my bones/muscles ache
    dolor de barriga bellyache;
    dolor de cabeza headache;
    tener dolor de cabeza to have a headache;
    ¡este niño no nos da más que dolores de cabeza! that child does nothing but make trouble for us!;
    dolor de estómago stomachache;
    dolor de garganta sore throat;
    tener dolor de garganta to have a sore throat;
    dolores menstruales period pains;
    dolor de muelas toothache;
    dolor de oídos earache;
    tener dolor de oídos to have earache;
    dolores del parto labour pains
    2. [moral] sorrow;
    sentir dolor por algo to feel sorrow at sth;
    separarse de su hijo les causó gran dolor being separated from their son was very painful for them;
    le comunicó la noticia con gran dolor she told him the news with great sorrow;
    lloraba de dolor por su desgracia she wept with sadness at her misfortune;
    su fallecimiento nos llena de dolor his death fills us with sorrow;
    con todo el dolor de mi corazón: la castigué con todo el dolor de mi corazón it broke my heart to punish her;
    tuve que irme de aquella ciudad con todo el dolor de mi corazón it was heartbreaking for me to have to leave that city
    * * *
    pain;
    dar dolores de cabeza a alguien fig cause s.o. problems
    * * *
    dolor nm
    1) : pain, ache
    dolor de cabeza: headache
    2) pena, tristeza: grief, sorrow
    * * *
    1. (físico) pain
    2. (pena) grief

    Spanish-English dictionary > dolor

  • 4 HINN

    * * *
    I)
    (hin, hitt), dem. pron.
    1) the other; á hinn fótinn, on the other leg; pl. the others, the rest (Kimbi bar sár sín engan mun betr en hinir);
    2) emphatically, that; hitt ek hugða, that was what I thought; hitt vil ek vita, that I want to know.
    (hin, hit), def. art., before an adjective standing alone or followed by a substantive, the, = inn, enn( eptir hinni eystri kvísl).
    * * *
    1.
    HIN, HIT, the article, an enclitic, which therefore can never serve as an accentuated syllable in a verse, either as rhyme or in alliteration. In good old MSS. (e. g. Cod. Reg. of Sæm.) it is hardly ever spelt with the aspirate, but is written inn, in, it or ið, or enn, en, et or eð, and thus distinguished from the demonstr. pron. hinn; but in the Editions the prob. spurious aspirate has been generally prefixed: an indecl. inu or hinu occurs often in later MSS. of the 14th century, e. g. the Fb.; but as it has not been heard of since and is unknown in the modern language, it simply seems to be a Norwegianism, thus, inu sömu orð, Th. 2; hinnu fyrri biskupa (gen. pl.), H. E. ii. 79; enu instu luti ( res intimas), Hom. 57 (Norse MS.); hinu ágæztu menn (nom. pl.), id.; innu óargu dýra, 657 A. ii. 12: [cp. Goth. jains = ἐκεινος; A. S. geond; Engl. yon; Germ. jener.]
    A. The:
    I. preceding the noun:
    1. before an adjective standing alone or followed by a substantive; inn mæri, inn ríki, inn dimmi dreki, inn mikli mögr, Vsp.; in aldna, id.; inn góða mjöð, the good mead, Gm. 13; inn mæra mjöð, Skm. 16; inn helga mjöð, Sdm. 18; in forna fold, Hým. 24; in fríða frilla, 30; inn fróði jötum, Vþm. 20; inn gamli þulr, 9; inn hára þul, Fm. 34; inn fráni ormr, 19; opt inn betri bilar þá er inn verri vegr, Hm. 127; in alsnotra ambátt, in arma, Þkv.; enn fróði afi, Skm. 2; in ílla mæra, 32; enn fráni ormr, 27; eð manunga man, Hm. 163; enn aldna jötun, 104; en horska mær, 95; it betra, Stor. 22; ena þriðju, the third, Vsp. 20; inn móður-lausi mögr, Fm. 2; it gjalla gull, ok it glóðrauða fé, 9; ið fyrsta orð, Sdm. 14; enu skírleita goði, Gm. 39; in glýstömu græti, Hðm. 1; in svásu goð, Vþm. 17; enum frægja syni, Hm. 141; at ins tryggva vinar, 66; ennar góðu konu, 100; ins svinna mans, 162; ens dýra mjaðar, 141; ens hindra dags, 109; ens unga mans, Skm. 11; ens deykkva hrafns, Skv. 2. 20; æ til ins eina dags, Fm. 10; ena níundu hverja nótt, Skm. 21: with the ordinals, inn fyrsti, þriði …, Gm. 6 sqq., Sdm. 21 sqq.
    2. so also before an adverb; it sama, likewise, Hm. 75, Fm. 4, Vþm. 22, 23, Gm. 15, Hdl. 26.
    3. as an indecl. particle ‘in’ or ‘en’ before a comparative; in heldr, the more, Hm. 60, Sdm. 36, Hkv. 1. 12, Skv. 1. 21, Gh. 3, Nj. 219; in lengr, the longer, Am. 58, 61; this has been already mentioned s. v. en (p. 127, B. at bottom, and p. 128), but it is almost exclusively poetical.
    II. placed between a pronoun and an adjective in the definite form:
    1. after a demonstr.; sá inn fráni ormr, Fm. 26; sá inn harði hallr, Gs. 10; sá inn aldni jötun, Skm. 25; sá inn ámáttki jötunn, 10; þat ið mikla men, Þkv. 13; þat ið litla, ‘that the little,’ i. e. the little thing, Ls. 44: þann inn alsvinna jötun, Vþm. 1; þann inn aldna jötun, Fm. 29; þann inn hrímkalda jötun, 38; þess ins alsvinna jötuns, Vþm. 5; þat it unga man, Alm. 6; þann inn aldna jötun, Gm. 50; þau in harðmóðgu ský, 41; sá inn máttki munr, 93; mönnum þeim enum aldrœnum, Hbl. 44; börn þau in blíðu, Og. 9; hrís þat ið mæra, Akv. 5: in prose, fjölmenni þat it mikla, Eg. 46; þetta it mikla skip, Fms. x. 347, passim: with ordinals, segðu þat ið eina, say that the first, Vþm. 20; þat ið þriðja, fjórða …, 20 sqq.
    2. after a possessive; síns ins heila hugar, síns ins svára sefa, Hm. 105; þíns ins hvassa hjörs, Fm. 29; minn inn hvassi hjörr, 6; míns ins hvassa hjörs, 28; bækr þínar inar bláhvítu, Hðm.
    3. after a pers. pron.: þú hinn armi, thou wretch! Ld. 326; gakk þú hingat hinn mikli maðr! Eg. 488.
    III. placed between two nouns in apposition:
    1. between a proper name and a title or epithet in the definite form; Sigurðr inn Suðræni, Sigurd the Southerner, Skv. 3. 4; Atli inn Ríki, Akv. 29; Högna ins frækna, Hjalla ins blauða, 23; Guðröðr inn Göfugláti, Ýt.; Hamðir inn hugumstóri, Hðm. 25; Kjötva’nn (= Kjötva enn) Auðga, Hornklofi; Svan enum Rauða, Álfr enn Gamli, Hdl.; as also in prose, Ívarr inn Víðfaðmi, Haraldr enn Hárfagri, Ólafr inn Digri, Knútr inn Fundni, Auðr in Djúpauðga, Þorbjörg in Digra, Hildr in Mjófa, Steinólfr inn Lági, Þorkell inn Hávi, Kjarlakr inn Gamli, Björn inn Austræni, Ólafr inn Hvíti, Hálfdan inn Svarti, Sighvatr inn Rauði, Kyjólfr inn Grá, Gestr inn Spaki; Ari inn Fróði (Aren Froðe contr. = Are enn Froðe, Ó. T. 23, line 1), Ketill inn Heimski, Knútr inn Ríki, Eadvarðr inn Góði, Hálfdan inn Mildi, Ingjaldr inn Illráði, Helgi inn Magri, Úlfr inn Skjálgi, Landn., Fb. iii; cp. Gr. Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων, Σωκράτης ὁ φιλόσοφος, Germ. Nathan der Weise, Engl. Alfred the Great, etc.: of ships, Ormr inn Langi, Ormr inn Skammi.
    2. between an appellative and an adjective; sveinn inn hvíti, Ls. 20; hendi inni hægri, 61; þengill inn meins-vani, Gm. 16; seggr inn ungi, Skm. 2; skati inn ungi, Hdl. 9; brúðr in kappsvinna, Am. 75; hest inn hraðfæra, Gh. 18; varr inn vígfrækni, gumi inn gunnhelgi, Hðm. 30; auð inn fagra, Skv. 1. 13; orm inn frána, 1, 11; fjánda inn fólkská, Fm. 37; konungr inn Húnski, Skv. 3. 8, 18, 63, 64; orð ið fyrra, Og. 9; mál ið efsta, 16; seggr inn suðræni, Akv. 3; seggr inn æri, 6; mar’inum mélgreypa, 3, 13; borg inni há, 14; sól inni suðrhöllu, 30; veðrs ens mikla, Hkv. 1. 12; handar ennar hægri, Ls. 38, 61; vífs ins vegliga, Am. 54; konung inn kostsama, Hkm.; gramr inn glaðværi, id.; hlut inn mjóvara, Ýt. 13; konungr inn kynstóri, fylkir inn framlyndi, hilmi’nom hálsdigra, konu’na Dönsku, hverr’ enni Heinversku, Hornklofi, Sæm. (Möb.) 228–231; við arm inn vestra, Sighvat; so also in prose passim.
    B. When there was no adjective the article became a suffix to the noun (see Gramm. pp. xix, xx), a usage common even in early prose, but extremely rare in poetry; the reason is, not that the poems were composed before the suffixed article had come into use, but that the metres themselves in which all the old poems were composed are older than that usage, and are not well adapted to it, so that the absence of the article became traditional. The old poem Harbarðsljóð makes an exception, no doubt not from being later than all other poems, but from being composed in a peculiar metre, half verse and half prose; thus in that single poem alone there are nearly twenty instances, or about twice or thrice as many as in all the other poems together:—váginn, Hbl. 2, 13, 15; sundit, 1, 3, 8, 13; verðinum, 4; eikjunni, 7; skipit, id.; stöðna, landit, id.; leiðina, 55; höfuðit, 15; bátinum, 53; veggsins, stokksins, steinsins, 56; matrinn, 3: other solitary instances are, goðin öll, Vsp. 27 (prob. somewhat corrupt); eiki-köstinn, Gh. 20; vömmin vár, Ls. 52.
    II. in prose, old and modern, the suffixed article occurs at every step; only one or two instances are worth noticing as peculiar to the Icelandic:
    1. as vocative in addressing; konan, O woman! mjöðnannan, id., Sighvat (in a verse of A. D. 1018, and so in mod. usage); elskan! hjartað! heillin! ástin, my love! dear! heart! þursinn! Fas. i. 385; hundarnir! = ω κύνες, Od. xxii. 35: also with another word, barnið gott, good child! Þrúðnaþussinn, thou monster giant! Miðgarðs-ormrinn! Fas. i. 373.
    2. esp. if with a possessive adjective following, as in Gr. οὑμός, τοὐμόν, τἀμά, etc.; elskan mín, ástin mín, hjartað mitt, góðrinn minn! hér er nú ástin mín, here is my darling! Sturl. ii. 78, of a father presenting a darling child to a friend; and so in mod. usage: as abuse, hundrinn þinn, thou dog! Ísl. ii. 176; þjófrinn þinn! Fms. vii. 127; dyðrillinn þinn! ii. 279; hundinum þínum! vi. 323: this use is not confined to the vocative, e. g. konan mín biðr að heilsa, my wife (kona mín is never used); maðrinn minn, my husband; biddu foreldrana þína ( ask thy parents) að lofa þér að fara; augun hans, his eyes, Pass. 24. 4; hugrinn vor og hjartað sé, our mind and heart (cp. Gr. τω ἐμω θυμω), 43. 5; svo hjartað bæði og málið mitt | mikli samhuga nafnið þitt, 10. 7; gef þú að móður-málið mitt, 35. 9; bókin mín, my favourite book, my own book; as also, fáðu mér hattinn minn, vetlingana mína, skóna mína, give me my hat, gloves, shoes; tungan í þér, augun í þér, thy tongue, thy eyes; höfuðið á mér, fætrnir á mér, my head, my feet; hendrnar á þér (‘á mér, á þér’ are here equivalent to a possessive, see p. 37, C. IV), thy hands, cp. Homer, τα σα γούνατα; hestana þína, Gr. ϊππους τους σούς: similar is the instance, vömmin vár, the sins of ours, Ls. 52; this may be a remnant of a time when the article was used separately, even with an indefinite adjective.
    3. a double article, one suffixed to the noun and the other prefixed to the word in apposition; hirðin sú in Danska, Fms. vi. 323; þau in stóru skipin, viii. 384 and passim: again, when a noun is put in the genitive after another noun the former has no article; as the Engl. phrase ‘the fish of the sea and the fowl of the air’ is in Icel. ‘fiskar sjávarins og fuglar loptsins:’ but this belongs to the syntax; see also Grimm’s D. G. iv. 432.
    C. SPECIAL CHANGES, in mod. usage:
    I. the demonstr. pron. sá, sú, það has in speech generally taken the place of inn, in, it; thus, sá gamli maðr, sú gamla kona, það gamla skáld; sometimes the article is dropped altogether, e. g. á fimta degi, on the fifth day (= á enum fimta degi); á sömn stundu, in the same hour; even in old writers this is found, með sömu ætlan, Bs. i. 289; á níundu tíð dags, Stj. 41, (but rarely); yet the old form is often retained in writing.
    II. in case A. II. the article may be dropped; þann gamla maim, þá gömlu konu, það gamla skáld, þú armi, etc.; sá ráða-góði, sú goðum-líki, sá ágæti Odysseifr, sú vitra Penelopa, sá Jarðkringjandi Pósídon, Od. passim (in Dr. Egilsson’s translation).
    III. in case A. III. 1. the article is also dropped, Knútr Ríki, Haraldr Hárfagri; even old writers (esp. in later vellums) omitted it now and then, Hálfdan Svarta, Fms. i. 1; Haraldr Grænski, 90; Haraldr Hárfagri, 192; Óttarr ungi, Hdl.: even in the Sæm. Cod. Reg., Völsungr ungi, Skv. 3. 1, 3.
    IV. in case A. III. 2. the pronouns sá, sú, það, and hinn, hin, hit may be used indiscriminately, although the former is more usual.
    V. lastly, in case B. the suffixed article has gained ground, and is in modern prose used more freq. than in ancient.
    ☞ CONCLUSION.—The old poetical language, with the sole exception of a single poem, had no article in the modern and proper sense; in every instance the ‘inn, in, it’ bears the character of a demonstrative pronoun, preceding an adjective and enhancing and emphasising its sense, like the pers. pron. hann, q. v.; but it is never attached to a single substantive; when the adjective was placed in apposition after a noun, the pronoun came to stand as an enclitic just after the noun, and was sounded as if suffixed thereto; at last it was tacked as an actual suffix to single nouns standing without apposition, and thus the true suffixed article gradually arose, first in speech, then in writing; whereas at the same time the old pronominal enclitic (A. I-III) gradually went out of use, and was either dropped or replaced by the stronger demonstrative pronoun ‘sá, sú.’
    2.
    HIN, HITT, demonstr. pron., prob. identical in etymology with the preceding word, from which it is however distinguished,
    1. by the neut. hitt, Dan. hint;
    2. by the initial aspirate, which is never dropped;
    3. by being a fully accentuated pronoun, so that the h can stand as an alliterative letter, e. g. handar ennar hægri | mun ek hinnar geta, Ls.; veitkat ek hitt hvart Heita | hungr …, Hallfred; Hitt kvað þá Hamðir, etc., Hom. 23, 25, Korm. 40; Raun er hins at Heinir | hræ …; Skáld biðr hins at haldi | hjálm …, Sighvat, Hkv. Hjörv. 26: [Ulf. jains = ἐκεινος; A. S. geond; Engl. yon; Germ. jener.]
    A. This pronoun is used,
    I. in a demonstr. sense, emphatically and without being opp. to a preceding demonstr.; raun er hins at …, it is proved that …; skáld biðr hins, at …, Sighvat; veitkat ek hitt hvat (hvárt) …, Hallfred; hitt ek hugða, emphatically, that was what I thought, I thought forsooth, Hm. 98; hitt kvað pá Hróðrglóð, Hðm. 13; hitt kvað þá Hamðir, 25; hitt vil ek vita, that I want to know, Vþm. 3, 6; þó ek hins get, ef …, yet I guess, that if …, Skm. 24; vita skal hitt, ef …, Korm. 40 (in a verse), Ísl. ii. 225 (in a verse); hitt var fyrr = in former times, formerly, Ýt., Fs. 94 (in a verse); hinn er sæll, er …, he is happy, that …, Hm. 8; maðr hinn er …, ‘man he that’ = the man who, 26; hinn er Surts ór Sökkdölum, Edda 51 (in a verse); veitat hinn er tin tannar, hinn er um eyki annask, Kormak (in a verse); handar innar hægri mun ek hinnar geta, er …, the right hand, that hand namely, which …, Ls. 38; this usage scarcely occurs except in old poetry.
    II. demonstr. referring to another pronoun, denoting the former, farther, the other, = Dan. hiin, hint, Germ. jener, cp. Gr. ἐκεινος, Lat. ille; freq. in prose, old and mod.; fóru þeir með þau skip er þeim þóttu bezt en brenndu hin, Fms. v. 8; Kimbi bar sár sitt engan mun betr en hinir, er hann hafði áðr á fært, 92; en hitt er meira, at hann lætr sér annarra manna fé jafnheimilt, Eg. 47; kemr örvar-oddrinn í strenglag hinnar örvarinnar, Fb. iii. 405; er þú hefir mik fyrir lagt á hinu áðr, 407; hinir frændr þínir, ii. 425; á hinn fótinn, on that, the other leg, Nj. 97; þat er válítið, … hitt er undr …, Ls. 33; hinir hlaða seglunum ok bíða, Fms. x. 347; ef hinn ( the other part) er eigi þar við staddr, Grág. i. 52; hvárt hinn ( the other one) hefir jafnmikit fé hins ( of the other one) er austr er, 220; rétt er at kveðja frá hennar heimili ef hann veit hvártki hinna (gen. pl.), 339; ok vill annarr hluta en annarr eigi … ok verðr sem hinn mæli ekki um er eigi vill hluta, 393; ef maðr sendir annan mann til eindaga, ok erat hinn skyldr við at taka, id.; þess á milli er hón fór at sofa á kveldit, ok hins er hón var klædd, Ld. 14; ærit fögr er mær sjá, … en hitt veit ek eigi hvaðan þjófs-augu eru komin í ættir várar, forsooth she is a beautiful girl, but yet I know not, Nj. 2:—demonstr. in the sense of this (but rare), stjörnur þær er nær eru leiðar-stjöruu ganga aldri undir með oss, en í Blálandi eðr Arabia ganga hinar stjörnur, these very stars, Rb. 468: phrases, hitt ok annat, this and the other, Rd. 235; mod. hitt og þetta.
    B. COMPOUND FORMS, hinn-ug, hinn-og, or hins-ig, mod. hins-egin, also hizig, q. v. [from vegr], adv. the other way; þótt Gísl þykki hinsig (hinn veg, v. l.) eigi síðr til vísa, Fms. vii. 46; hinnig værir þú undir brún at líta sem …, Nj. 55: locally, there, in the other place, illic, ok láta bera vætti þat hinneg var nefnt, Grág. i. 90; heimta af erfingja ef hinnig er eigi til, K. Þ. K. 28; brenndi þar ok görði hervirki eigi minna enn hinneg, Fms. vi. 340; ef hinnig mundi kostr, K. Þ. K. 24; eigi er hægra undir þeim at búa fyrir kulda sakir, enn hinnog er fyrir ofrhita sakir, Sks. 196; því at hón er kaldari hér en hizug, 70: temp. the other day, formerly (rare), er ek hinnig mælta, Og. 11.
    2. denoting motion, hither, thither; hinnig deyja ór Helju halir, Vþm. 43; renna hinnig, Gh. 18; ríða hinig, Fm. 26: koma hinig, Gs. 18.

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